| Plattform Platform |
Reise-Nr. Cruise-No. |
Zeitraum Period |
Projekt Project |
Arbeitsgebiet Working area |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sonne | SO287 Connect | 11.12.2021 - 11.01.2022 | Sargasso Sea Equatorial East Atlantic Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean Tropical NE Atlantic |
| Fahrtleiter Chief Scientist | Institut Institute | Auslaufhafen Port of departure | Einlaufhafen Port of return | Stationskarte Station map | Schiffsroute Trackchart |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quack Birgit | Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) | Las Palmas | Guayaquil |
Ziel der Reise / Objectives of Cruise:
SO287-CONNECT was set up to unravel the coupling of biogeochemical and ecological processes and their influence on atmospheric chemistry along the transport pathway of water from the upwelling zones off Africa into the Sargasso Sea and further to the Caribbean and also in the equatorial Pacific. With the acquired data fundamental questions about biogeochemical pathways under climate change and unknown processes, such as halogen release by Sargassum seaweed and its possible contribution to carbon cycling, the influence of ship emissions on trace gas production and the influence of plastic on biogeochemical cycles will be answered. Continuous underway measurements of temperature (T), salinity (S), carbon cycle parameters, trace gases, chlorophyll concentrations, in the surface water, as well as ocean currents (ADCP 38 and 75 kHz) and scientific echosounding EK60 (18, 38, 120, 200 kHz) of the water column were conducted. Samples were taken at regular intervals between several Hz and 12 hours. Atmospheric trace gases were sampled in canisters every 6 hours and aerosols were sampled for 24 hours. On 36 stations the ships CTD was deployed down to 1000 m at noon with an additional optical biological CTD down to 100 m and the ships CTD was deployed to the bottom at night, The sea surface microlayer was collected with a Garret screen, a Neuston Catamaran was deployed at every noon station, and twice during transit in the exclusive economic zones. Radio-and ozone sondes where launched and incubation studies conducted.
Messungen / Measurements
| Institut Institute |
Wissenschaftler Scientist |
Anzahl Number |
Einheit Unit |
Typ der Messungen Type of measurements |
Kommentar Comments |
Daten im DOD Data in DOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 15 | casts | B01 Primary productivity |
Continuous profiles of phytoplankton fluorescence (in-situ primary production) using a Multi-wavelength Single Turnover Active Fluorometer (STAF) system (FastOcean APD (Ambient Plus Dark)) from Chelsea Technologies, Fluorescence at 450, 530 and 624 nm (light and dark) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 153 | samples | B01 Primary productivity |
Primary production measurements using a scintillation counter, 14C- incorporation during in situ incubations (CTD stations only) | no |
| HEREON | Rottgers Rudiger | 200 | samples | B02 Phytoplankton pigments (e.g. chlorophyll, fluorescence) |
Discrete samples for phytoplankton pigment concentration to be analyzed at Hereon using a HPLC (both CTD and underway) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 71 | casts | B06 Dissolved organic matter (e.g. DOC) |
Continuous profiles of CDOM fluorescence using a wetlabs CDOM sensor attached to the ship CTD | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 233 | samples | B06 Dissolved organic matter (e.g. DOC) |
Discrete samples for determination of dissolved organic phosphorous to be analyzed at GEOMAR using photospectrometry (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 283 | samples | B06 Dissolved organic matter (e.g. DOC) |
Discrete samples for determination of DOC and TDN to be analyzed at GEOMAR using High Temperature Catalytic Oxydation (CTD stations and incubations) | no |
| HEREON | Rottgers Rudiger | 200 | samples | B06 Dissolved organic matter (e.g. DOC) |
Discrete samples of Absorption Coefficient of cdom (spectrally) analyzed using the WPI_LWCC Hereon System (both CTD and Underway) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 234 | samples | B07 Pelagic bacteria / micro-organisms |
Discrete samples for determination of bacteria cell numbers to be anaylzed at GEOMAR using flow cytometry (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 1248 | samples | B07 Pelagic bacteria / micro-organisms |
Discrete samples for determination of secondary production using 3H-leucine incorporation | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 234 | samples | B08 Phytoplankton |
Discrete samples for determination of CSP to be analyzed at GEOMAR using microscopy | no |
| GEOMAH | Matthiessen Birte | 49 | samples | B08 Phytoplankton |
Discrete samples for phytoplankton composition, samples will be analyzed using a microscope at GEOMAR (CTD stations only) | no |
| SDU | Loscher Carolin | 710 | samples | B08 Phytoplankton |
Discrete samples for microbial community, carbon fixation, flow cytometry (16S rRNA + metagenome+ carbon fixation+water pH parameters) to be analyzed at SDU (CTD stations and incubations) | no |
| IRDHAN | Brehmer Patrice | 19 | casts | B28 Acoustic reflection on marine organisms |
Backscattered acoustic signal from marine organisms using continuous (EK60) and insitu (WBAT) underwater acoustic sampling at all noon CTD stations | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 586 | samples | B59 Taxonomy, systematics, classification |
Discrete samples for Bacterial Community and Functional Analysis (16S rRNA + MetaT) to be analyzed at GEOMAR (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 233 | samples | B71 Particulate organic matter (e.g. POC, PON) |
Discrete samples for determination of BSi to be analyzed at GEOMAR using photospectrometry (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 233 | samples | B71 Particulate organic matter (e.g. POC, PON) |
Discrete samples for determination of POC/N to be analyzed at GEOMAR using an elemental analyzer (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 233 | samples | B71 Particulate organic matter (e.g. POC, PON) |
Discrete samples for determination of POP to be analyzed at GEOMAR using photospectrometry (CTD stations only) | no |
| HEREON | Rottgers Rudiger | 36 | samples | B71 Particulate organic matter (e.g. POC, PON) |
Absorption Coefficient of particles (spectrally) using a PSICAM/QFT-ICAM (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 108 | samples | B72 Biochemical measurements (e.g. lipids, aminoacids) |
Discrete samples for determination of lipids to be analyed at GEOMAR using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to a Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometer (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 233 | samples | B72 Biochemical measurements (e.g. lipids, aminoacids) |
Discrete samples for determination of dissolved amino acids to be analyzed at GEOMAR using HPLC (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 233 | samples | B72 Biochemical measurements (e.g. lipids, aminoacids) |
Discrete samples for determination of dissolved carbohydrates to be analyzed at GEOMAR using Ion Exchange Chromatography (CTD stations only) | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 72 | samples | B80 Other bio-measurements |
Discrete samples for determination of particles to be analyzed at GEOMAR using Confocal laser scanning microscopy | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 234 | samples | B80 Other bio-measurements |
Discrete samples for determination of CSP to be analyzed at GEOMAR using microscopy | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 234 | samples | B80 Other bio-measurements |
Discrete samples for determination of TEP to be analyzed at GEOMAR using microscopy | no |
| LOV | Kiko Rainer | 34 | stations | B80 Other bio-measurements |
Continuous depth profiling of migrating zooplankton and sinking particles using an Undervision profiler (UVP), pictures will be analyzed in Villefranche | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 234 | samples | B90 Other biological / fishery measurements |
Discrete samples for determination of virus cell numbers to be anaylzed at GEOMAR using flow cytometry | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 876 | samples | B90 Other biological / fishery measurements |
Discrete samples for extracellular enzyme activity using Miro plate reader (FLUOstar Omega), in situ incubations (fluorescence measurements) (CTD stations only | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 986 | samples | B90 Other biological / fishery measurements |
Discrete samples for plankton community and size fractioned respiration using Winkler titration (on board) and and an in-vivo ETS method (to be analyzed at GEOMAR) | no |
| GEOMAH | Weinberger Florian | 150 | samples | B90 Other biological / fishery measurements |
Discrete samples for eDNA to be analyzed at GEOMAR (CTD and underway)) | no |
| BRIRE | Briese Schifffahrts GmbH & Co. WTD | 1 | n miles | D71 Current profiler (e.g. ADCP) |
ADCP38+75 kHz | yes |
| BRIRE | Briese Schifffahrts GmbH & Co. WTD | 1 | n miles | G90 Other geological or geophysical measurements |
EM122, EK60 | yes |
| BRIRE | Briese Schifffahrts GmbH & Co. WTD | 63 | stations | H00 Stations |
- | yes |
| GEOMAH | Quack Birgit | 29 | day(s) | H04 Discrete salinity measurements (Surface) |
Discrete sampling for salinity for sensor calibration, to be measured with a salinometer at GEOMAR | no |
| GEOMAH | Quack Birgit | 36 | profiles | H10 CTD-Stations |
36 CTD stations with 71 profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen, fluorescence (ship CTD) | no |
| HEREON | Rottgers Rudiger | 12 | casts | H10 CTD-Stations |
CTD, AC-S, Fluorometer, bb-meter, Turbidity meter, (T, S, chl-fluorescence, attenuation, backscattering) down to 100 m | no |
| BRIRE | Briese Schifffahrts GmbH & Co. WTD | 1 | stations | H10 CTD-Stations |
CTD | yes |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 426 | samples | H21 Oxygen |
Discrete samples for oxygen measurements using the Winkler titration method (both CTD and underway) | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 536 | samples | H22 Phosphates |
Discrete samples for phosphate measurments using a Seal Analytical QuAAtro (CTD, underway, incubations) | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 536 | samples | H24 Nitrates |
Discrete samples for nitrate measurments using a Seal Analytical QuAAtro (CTD, underway, incubations) | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 536 | samples | H25 Nitrites |
Discrete samples for nitrite measurments using a Seal Analytical QuAAtro (CTD, underway, incubations) | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 536 | samples | H26 Silicates |
Discrete samples for silicate measurments using a Seal Analytical QuAAtro (CTD, underway, incubations) | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 172 | samples | H32 Isotopes |
Discrete samples for dissolved nitrate isotopes (CTD stations only) to be analyzed at GEOMAR | no |
| GEOMAH | Quack Birgit | 509 | samples | H33 Other dissolved gases |
Underway, CTD, incubation samples for determination of halogenated hydrocarbons dissolved in seawater; measurement on board using a purge and trap system attached to combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry; final analysis of data at home | no |
| GEOMAH | Marandino Christa A. | 782 | samples | H33 Other dissolved gases |
Discrete samples for DMS measurements using gas chromatography (CTD, Underway, ship emission experiments | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 29 | day(s) | H33 Other dissolved gases |
Continuous underway measurments of N2O, CH4 and H2O using wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 158 | samples | H33 Other dissolved gases |
Discrete samples for NO measurements using a NO Chemiluminescence Detector (underway and incubations) | no |
| GEOMAH | Bange Hermann W. | 726 | samples | H33 Other dissolved gases |
Discrete samples for N2O and CH4 measurements (bubblefree sampling, handled using HgCl2), to be analyzed at GEOMAR using gas chromatography (CTD, underway, incubations) | no |
| HEREON | Dahnke Kristin | 29 | day(s) | H33 Other dissolved gases |
Continuous underway measurments of N2O, CH4 and H2O using wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy | no |
| OSU-SB | Potin Philippe | 99 | samples | H33 Other dissolved gases |
Discrete samples for halogenated hydrocarbons from Sargassum incubations using combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry | no |
| GEOMAH | Quack Birgit | 29 | day(s) | H71 Surface measurements underway (T, S) |
Continuous underway measurement of temperature and conductivity using a Microcat | no |
| BRIRE | Briese Schifffahrts GmbH & Co. WTD | 1 | n miles | H80 Other physical measurements |
Underway measurements udring the whole trip such as coordinates, depth, meteorological parameter and so on | yes |
| UOY | Carpenter Lucy | 29 | day(s) | H90 Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Continuous measurements of ozone concentration, mass flux, deposition velocity, wind, friction velocity using eddy covariance with chemiluminescence detector | no |
| UOY | Carpenter Lucy | 54 | samples | H90 Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Discrete samples for iodide, iodate and total iodine to be measured at UoY using HPLC-UV (CTD, underway, Microlayer) | no |
| UOY | Carpenter Lucy | 54 | samples | H90 Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Discrete samples for ozone deposition to be measured at UoY using a heterogeneous flow reactor (CTD, underway, Microlayer) | no |
| UOY | Carpenter Lucy | 55 | samples | H90 Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Discrete samples for DOM and fatty acids to be measured at UoY using GC-MS and HPLC-MS (CTD, underway, Microlayer) | no |
| UOY | Carpenter Lucy | 55 | samples | H90 Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Discrete samples for surface tension and activity to be measured at UoY using a Tensiometer (CTD, underway, Microlayer) | no |
| UIO | Kruger Kirstin | 7 | flight(s) | M01 Upper air observations |
Ozone sondes - Temperature, humidity, pressure, position, ozone using ozone sondes launched at seven stations | no |
| UIO | Kruger Kirstin | 38 | flight(s) | M01 Upper air observations |
Radio sondes - Temperature, humidity, pressure, position | no |
| ULE | Ball Stephen | 29 | day(s) | M02 Incident radiation |
Continuous measurement of sunlight intensity using a spectral radiometer | no |
| UEAN | Baker Alex | 29 | samples | M71 Atmospheric chemistry |
Discrete samples for atmospheric aerosol composition measurements to be analyzed at UEA (underway once a day) | no |
| RSMAS | Atlas Elliot | 85 | samples | M71 Atmospheric chemistry |
Discrete samples for gas compositions in the air using canister samples every 6 h, to be analyzed at RSMAS | no |
| IUPHB | Wittrock Folkard | 29 | day(s) | M71 Atmospheric chemistry |
Continuous measurements of NOx, SO2, CO, BC concentrations, NO2, HCHO, SO2 integrated columns in the atmosphere using an Avantes Spectrometer (DOAS), in-situ instruments | no |
| UOY | Carpenter Lucy | 29 | day(s) | M71 Atmospheric chemistry |
Continuous measurements of ozone concentration, mass flux, deposition velocity, wind, friction velocity using eddy covariance with chemiluminescence detector | no |
| IFT | van Pinxteren Manuela | 29 | samples | M71 Atmospheric chemistry |
Discrete samples for atmospheric aerosol composition measurements to be analyzed at TROPOS (underway once a day) | no |
| ULE | Ball Stephen | 29 | day(s) | M71 Atmospheric chemistry |
Continuous measurements of concentrations of iodine, nitrogen dioxide, water vapour, and O4 in the atmosphere using Broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (including incubations with Sargassum) | no |
| UIO | Kruger Kirstin | 29 | day(s) | M90 Other meteorological measurements |
Optical scans pointed towards the sun to measure the aerosol optical depth using a Microtops (daily) | no |
| HEREON | Rottgers Rudiger | 36 | stations | M90 Other meteorological measurements |
Surface reflectance using a Trios Ramses Radiometer | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 12 | samples | P90 Other contaminant measurements |
Underway sampling for microplastics using three sieves (12 - 24 h per sample), samples to be analyzed at GEOMAR using CLASI-Fish and 16S-RNA analysis, measurement of plastics concentration | no |
| GEOMAH | Engel Anja | 33 | stations | P90 Other contaminant measurements |
Catamaran deployment for trawling for plastic in the surface ocean, samples to be analyzed at GEOMAR using CLASI-Fish and 16S-RNA analysis, measurement of plastics concentration | no |